Joglo

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Joglo adalah rumah adat masyarakat Jawa. Terdiri dari 2 bagian utama yakni pendapa dan dalam. Bagian pendapa adalah bagian depan Joglo yang mempunyai ruangan luas tanpa sekat-sekat, biasanya digunakan untuk menerima tamu atau ruang bermain anak dan tempat bersantai keluarga. Bagian dalam adalah bagian dalam rumah yang berupa ruangan kamar,ruang kamar dan ruangan lainnya yang bersifat lebih privasi. Ciri-ciri bangunan adalah pada bagian atap pendapanya yang menjulang tinggi seperti gunung.

Rumah tinggal orang Jawa menjadi lebih sempurna bentuknya dibandingkan pada bentukan sebelumnya. Bentuk sebelumnya sangat sederhana seperti bentuk bangunan “panggangpe”, “kampung” dan “limasan”. Bangunan yang lebih sempurna secara structural adalah bangunan tradisional bentuk “Joglo”. Bangunan ini secara umum mempunyai denah berbentuk bujur sangkar, mempunyai empat buah tiang pokok ditengah peruangannya yang kita sebut sebagai “saka guru’. Saka guru berfungsi untuk menopang blandar “tumpang sari” yang bersusun keatas semakin keatas semakin melebar dan biasanya berjumlah ganjil serta diukir. Ukiran pada tumpang sari ini menandakan status sosial pemiliknya. Untuk mengunci struktur saka guru diberikan “sunduk” yang disebut sebagai “koloran” atau “kendhit”. Letak koloran ini terdapat di bawah tumpang sari yang berfungsi mengunci dan menghubungkan ke empat “saka guru” menjadi satu kesatuan. Tumpang sari berfungsi sebagai tumpuan kayu usuk untuk menahan struktur “brunjung dan molo serta usuk yang memanjang sampai tiang “emper” bangunan Joglo. Dalam perkembangannya. Bangunan Joglo ini memiliki banyak variasi perubahan penambahan-penambahan struktur yang semakin mempercantik Rumah adat ini.

Berdasarkan sejarah, perkembangan bentuk rumah tinggal orang jawa dapat dikategorikan menjadi 4 macam yaitu rumah tradisional:

  • bentuk Panggangpe,
  • bentuk Kampung,
  • bentuk Limasan
  • bentuk Joglo.

Rumah Joglo kebanyakan hanya dimiliki oleh mereka yang mampu. Mengapa? Jalarannya rumah joglo butuh bahan lebih banyak dan mahal ketimbang rumah bentuk lain. Masyarakat jawa dulu menganggap bahwa rumah joglo tidak boleh dimiliki oleh sembarang orang, oleh orang kebanyakan, tapi hanya diperkenankan bagi kaum bangsawan, raja, dan pangeran, serta mereka yang terhormat dan terpandang. Namun dewasa ini rumah joglo digunakan pula oleh segenap lapisan masyarakat dan juga untuk berbagai fungsi lain, seperti gedung pertemuan serta perkantoran.

Pada dasarnya rumah bentuk joglo berdenah bujur sangkar, dengan empat pokok tiang di tengah yang di sebut saka guru, dan digunakan blandar bersusun yang di sebut tumpangsari. Bentuk persegi empat ini dalam perkembangannya mengalami perubahan dengan adanya penambahan-penambahan ruang di sisi bangunannya namun tetap merupakan kesatuan bentuk dari denah persegi empat. Dari perubahan-perubahan itu muncullah aneka bentuk rumah joglo dengan aneka nama yaitu:

  • joglo jompongan,
  • joglo kepuhan lawakan,
  • joglo ceblokan,
  • joglo kepuhan limolasan,
  • joglo sinom apitan,
  • joglo pengrawit,
  • joglo kepuhan apitan,
  • joglo semar tinandu,
  • joglo lambangsari,
  • joglo wantah apitan,
  • joglo hageng, dan
  • joglo mangkurat.
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